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The Summit - May 2023

The newsletter for PS Executives!

Welcome to the April edition of The Summit. To see the full archive of The Summit, please go to the Summit Index.

The Role of the PS Manager

The hardest training to build for the professional services industry is that for the Professional Services Manager. We are working on it and we have a great framework for it, but the depth and breadth of content is incredible. The complexity in trying to piece it together is a testament to the all around talent that professional services managers and executives need to possess simply to understand the full scope of their role. The job of a PS Manager is best summarized as being a degree in the business of people. The skills required include (but not limited to) business operations, selling, human resource management, contract negotiation,  project management, communication specialist and motivational coach. The role looks like this because professional services within most software companies is simply a business within a business. It has its own P&L and needs to find a way to succeed a t running that business to the targets provided by the CFO while also assisting the parent business achieve its goals.
To help structure the job a PS Manager I created the following model. It is designed to give PS Managers modularize view of the skills they need to develop. PS Principles is looking to build a training class for each of the modules listed, but as you can imagine, it takes time. We have most of it, but not all of it so one of the things we are doing is looking for partners to help. If you know of any training that you have done, that would cover these areas, let me know.
To articulate which skills a professional services manager should be working on, I decided to break it down into three maturity stages (1, 2, 3) with each stage looking at the three areas of PS operations: Business Management, Portfolio Management and People Management. To help you build your own concept of PS Management we are giving you our Survive, Drive and Thrive framework for the PS Manager Landscape. I'll suggest a specific mix of Survive, Drive and Thrive components for each level but it is just a suggestion. Always work with your direct manager to determine what the right mix is for you.

 

Operating Cadence (Survive - Drive - Thrive)

Regardless of the level you are in, one of the most important things for you to do as a PS Manager is to make sure you build your operating cadence. To do this use our Survive, Drive & Thrive framework.
Survive: What needs to get addressed today to ensure we survive the next 24 hours. Do you have projects escalating? Deals needing to close? Employees threatening to leave? Take care of that stuff now!
Drive: Be in the driver's seat of your own organization and make sure you know where it is heading. How are you going to get to your number? Are your projects moving in the right direction? Check in with them, meet with your customers and get feedback.
Thrive: Beyond this quarter, how will your team thrive in the market place. These are the last things you will get to, but they are the most important for long term success. 

 

PS Manager Landscape

 

Level 1: PS Manager

Survive: 25% | Drive: 60% | Thrive: 15%

Level 1 PS Manager Accountability ChartThis is your first PS Management position and you have a small team of that delivers consulting or project implementations. You may be within a product company or maybe a consulting firm. In a nutshell, you responsible for the profitability of a handful of projects and the hiring and firing of the resources within that group. The Survive, Drive & Thrive mix shows that you are spending a lot of time working on making sure that your projects are moving forward and executing correctly. Your Survive components are making sure you are putting out project fires and addressing any burnout concerns with your consultants. You will help your manager and executives do some planning for the future, but you'll primarily provide input rather than making decisions. Here is what you need to know...

Business

The focus is on cost control within your P&L and making sure you can generate the revenue targets assigned. You need to get a grasp of backlog and how to recognize addressable versus unaddressable backlog in any given month or quarter. You need a crash course in financial and project accounting and how the two work together. This includes understanding the differences between bookings, revenue and cash while also knowing how FASB 606 affects your revenue recognition. In addition you'll need to understand the operating plan that you will be given which will detail how and where you can spend your money but only if hit the revenue numbers it provides you as a target. 

The good news about this role is that you don't have too much else to worry about from a financial or business perspective as your team is probably one a few teams within a larger P&L. Focus on project execution and drive revenue and provided you stay within your cost structure (which is predominantly driven by headcount) you should be good.

Focus on your statement of works and make sure they are solid. Learn to negotiate them with your customers and ensure your team is aware of their importance, but also that they will likely have to change them once the project begins to discover what is actually required to complete the project.

Portfolio

Apart from having to cut your teeth on the business skills, this is where you should be spending your time. The most important parts of portfolio management will be learning how to be a good project sponsor. You make your quarterly revenue number by making by caring about the well being of EVERY project within the stable. Your first decision is to determine which projects you will be the sponsor for and which ones don't have sponsors or can be sponsored by someone else. If you let someone else sponsor, make sure you trust them to do the job correctly. A poor sponsor is likely to let your project run amok.

Learn how to negotiate the need for projects to keep moving forward. Learn to get onto a call and assess, "Is my team leading?" and if not, jolt them into action. If your team isn't leading they are being led and customers don't lead your P&L to more revenue, they lead it less. This is the greatest skill you will hone as a PS Manager. The ability to quickly assess your project environment and read the dynamics of the situation. Are the customer's executives engaged? Does the project have control? Are we leading them to outcomes? Read the environment, make a decision and move on.

Establish a schedule of steering committee meetings for the projects that you will sponsor and proactively reach out to your customers! This is the critical role the project sponsor plays in the delivery of a successful project. You are the customer's sponsor's right hand person. Let them know you are there for them. Set up a cadence of checkins over and above the steering committee meetings is a great way to let them know that you truly care.

Learn how different types of customers operate their projects. to ask your team (and the customer) probing questions about the direction of the project, the engagement of the customer and the status of the budget v progress situation. More importantly, you need to learn how sniff out trouble within a project. If something doesn't smell right then something probably isn't right so don't feel timid about getting into the project's P&L because ultimately, it rolls directly into your P&L!

People

You are unlikely to have a lot to do with hiring at this stage, but if you do, it will be infrequent. Your company probably has procedures for you to follow, so follow them. Add "I'm Hiring" to your LinkedIn profile even if you aren't. Why? Because people who run people based P&L's are always looking for people. You never know when your next resignation is going to walk in to your office and when you are given four weeks until that person leaves and sinks your quarterly revenue attainment, you will be glad that you have a stack of contacts to start reaching out to.

On the topic of resignations, the most important thing  you need to start doing as a newly-minted people manager is to develop your team management skills. Get engaged with the team members. Get to know them and get to know their career objectives. Understand each one of them as individuals and check in on their level of engagement. Burnout is just an occupational hazard for consultants and if you ignore what it is currently doing to your team while they are out in the field, then the only time you will realize how burned out they are, is when they resign.

 

When you are in this phase focus on understanding the mechanics of the PS business. It's complicated, but it isn't rocket science. Learn how to identify and respond to problems early. You are likely to make a few mistakes, but that is OK. When you do, remember the formula for what happened so you do something different next time. Get a mentor. Find someone who has done this before and bounce ideas off of them. The more you can prepare yourself for the next level, the faster you will get there.

 

Level 2: PS Director

Survive: 25% | Drive: 50% | Thrive: 25%

Level 2 PS Director Accountability Chart

You are now the full P&L owner of geography or business unit. You might have a handful of regional managers who run their business much like you did in Level 1. You work with your head of professional services to make sure you have the right cost and revenue structure to help the organization achieve what it needs to within your region or business unit. The Survive, Drive and Thrive mix shows that you are doing the same amount of Surviving as before because now you are adding in the need to close deals. The pressure is now on you to review the SOW's, negotiate the terms and get them closed. You have a little more Thrive time because now it is up to you to get some of those initiatives off the ground. At this stage you need to be focused on the following.

Business

You now have revenue and margin reporting in the bag. It's time to start learning the art of hitting a number. At this level you are not paid to miss revenue numbers, you are paid to hit them. That means looking at all of your resources and determining how you are going to meet the target given the backlog available. Speaking of which, when was the last time you had your team clean it? Your company is probably going to want growth, so how are you going to get it? That's easy, learn to sell services. But in selling services you also need to learn to price services and understand how to protect your margin. You are now expected to interface with Sales and help close deals. Learn to inject trust (not truth) into the sales cycle by helping the customer recognize the leadership you bring to the situation. 

At this level you need to run a tight ship. That means meeting with your managers on a weekly cadence. One meeting for revenue, one meeting for human resource planning, one meeting for project escalations. If you care, they care, so make a clear statement about what you care about. The successful execution of every project int he portfolio. From there, you can make anything happen.

You should probably start thinking about your statement of work templates. Are they adequate? Can you negotiate them well? What clauses can you tighten to make sure your team has leverage when it comes to the important moments of a project?

Portfolio

You are now more distant from projects so you start to look at them as numbers rather than people. This is dangerous. You need to ask your managers for escalations. They are there, you just need to find them. Rather than attempt to read project reports, read your team. Are your managers meeting with customers? Check in on a few. Ask to attend some steering committee meetings and be a project sponsor on a few of your team's larger projects. Again, if you care they care and your P&L is only one bad project a way from getting shipwrecked, so stay alert.

Continue to develop your negotiation skills. The situations will now be more intense if they reach your desk and they are likely to be more subjective. The more you can understand the professional services business environment the better you will be able to negotiate it.

You may start to develop your own approach to project governance. Continue to develop this as you gain experience. How will you keep your portfolio on track?

People

While you need continue to engage with your team, you need to also see them as the source of your revenue generating capability. You need to ensure you are building an environment that makes them want to stay rather than trying to keep them from leaving. You need to start thinking about the knowledge that is stored in those big brains and how you can access it so that you can innovate. Improve the services you offer, create new services, publish best practices or whatever you can extract that can be turned into value. You need to determine how you can differentiate your services from your competitors.

You should also start thinking about how you onboard new hires but also how you help your team develop their skills. How can you teach them your way of getting things done? How quickly can you turn someone with technical skills into a true consultant? Work it out and put a plan into action. It can be tied together with shoestring to start as long as you have it up and running. Start thinking about where you find your new hires. Does your organization have tables at career day events? Do they come from within an industry? If so, how do you engage with it? How can you become a thought leader in it? Everyone wants to come a work for the thought leader!

 

When you are in this phase start to develop your formula for success. In this stage it is OK to variable success, but you learn to be more successful than unsuccessful in hitting your numbers and keeping your team engaged. Have a mentor that has done it all before so you can bounce ideas off of them and get a sense for how you might do things when attempting them for the first time. It's amazing how a good mentor can prepare you for the unknown.

 

Level 3: PS Executive

Survive: 20% | Drive: 30% | Thrive: 50%

Level 3 PS Executive Accountability Chart

You are now the head of professional services. Maybe you have a small team of 30 or maybe its a massive team of 3,000. The job is the same, it's the scale that you'll learn to deal with as you hone you hone your craft. Something specific we teach about being a PS Executive is that you need a formula for achieving results reliably. What's yours? Have you developed one as you moved through levels 1 and 2. You need to. Without it, every other candidate for the job in services looks better than you. Don't expect to land an executive job if you can walk in and do two hour off the cuff presentation about how your formula is going to help a company change the way it delivers projects. Your Survive, Drive and Thrive mix is now very different but the focus on project execution must remain. You will still be involved in closing your firm's largest deals, largest escalations and largest people issues. However, for the most part, you will need to be planning for the future. Once you start to get this year's objectives well aligned with your management team and you have delegated execution to them, you then turn your eyes to the future to work out what's next.

Business

You are now the owner of the PS strategy. What is it? What is your role within the organization? Who do you need to achieve it and how will you make it happen? You now own PS Marketing and well as the ability to sell. How are you going to use professional services to sell your company's products or even better, how are you going to make customers want to buy your people over your competitors? You need to start of your operating environment as a well orchestrated machine that you have fine tuned by getting the best out of the people you have. You work directly with the CFO and Chief Revenue Officer because you are a massive part of your company's revenue attainment.  Accuracy in forecast bookings, revenue and margin matter. 

Watch for revenue leak. Watch for unpaid invoices. Be quick to proactively escalate to customer if invoices haven't been paid. 

Your may own the partner strategy, the offshore strategy, the retention strategy, the packaged services strategy or whatever myriad of initiatives you will need to undertake in order to keep the business moving forward. But most importantly, I'm going to repeat something I've already highlighted, you need to know what professional services needs to be for your company to achieve its goals. There is no point in fine tuning this engine to get 5% more margin at the cost of finishing projects on time. There's no point increasing billable hours if what you need is more customer investment. Build the team your company needs, not the team your ego wants.

Portfolio

While you can probably establish a Project Management Office and a Center of Excellence, you still need to be available for customer escalations. Especially, the big ones. We don't want you wasting your time with project matters, but again, you have to demonstrate the number one thing that helps you help your team is the successful execution of customer-facing projects. Get out and visit customers. Take the project team with you. It's a great way to get to know them. 

How's your methodology? Is it working? How do you know? Do you have one for each type of project you implement? How can you speed up time to live?

Most importantly, how does your professional services team see its job? Are the passive towards project delivery or proactive? You want the latter, but you have to work at it to get it. Lead from the front and run towards the biggest escalations you can find. Encourage people to bring you problems so you things proactively escalate. If someone brings you any escalation, don't get annoyed. It might be the last one they bring to you and then you're stuck trying to find them.

You will probably have an FPA (Financial Planning and Analytics) person from Finance to help you look at your data. Use this person if you have access to them. They can be a great resource to help with the multitude of data that is constantly changing within a PS environment. 

People

People management at this level is about making sure you have a team that feels in confident in knowing how you want things done, but they feel confident enough to get it done in a way that suits their needs. How you treat your direct reports will influence how they treat their direct reports. Focus on your manager's career development and they will focus on their team's career development. Be good to your managers and you'll develop a good service culture. Remember to back your team first. That's what they want from the big boss a sense that when the chips are down, they have a supporter, not an attacker. If you are quick to judge, then people will be slow to lead.

You need to establish a hiring model. How can you bring people in and have trained quickly? Where will they come from? How will you prepare them to be proactive project leaders in front of the customer? How do you use training to lower the cost of your resources and develop strong leaders? What's your succession plan?

Check in on career development for individuals all the way the last consultant. Make sure they have one. Make sure you know who the most burned out consultants and give them a call. There's nothing like a quick call from the big boss when your burnout level starts to reach "Fatigue" or even worse, "Discontentment".

Watch utilization. Encourage people to work the hours they are assigned so that revenue leak is minimized. Work out a bonus structure that is fair to everyone. 

Once you are here, keep learning your craft. Because professional services can have so many different focuses within a software company or even a consulting firm, it is important that you keep listening to those your report to. Whether that be a CEO, CRO or Board of Directors. The minute you stop and you start building something other than what they are asking you for, they begin to think that maybe there other people in the ecosystem that might be more aligned with their way of thinking. Enjoy the job, it's touch, but it is infinitely rewarding.